Since John Dewey popularised the educational ideal of critical thinking more than a century ago, the concept has become fundamental to the perceived reputation, value and quality of higher education – the core branch of its DNA if you will. While it’s inevitable that large language models such as Open AI’s ChatGPT are more efficient at lower-level processing, how do they fare when it comes to the superior faculties inherent in critical thought? Tentative evidence would suggest not that well, which compounds general impressions that large language models are superficially impressive not least because this is what they are designed to do: give the outward appearance of articulate learned thought. They merely reflect the most popular language choices in their training data, which is not confined to academic work. That said, there is no reason why machine learning cannot be focused on the construction of argument, as the ARG-tech project based at the University of Dundee shows.
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