Medical students’ perceptions of learning modalities: development and psychometric validation of the e-learning and face-to-face learning experience questionnaire - Zahra Karimian, et al; Nature

The analysis revealed six primary factors influencing student learning experiences, including Peer Interaction, Teacher-Student Interaction, Examination and Assessment methods, Emotional Comfort, Content Quality, and Assignments. The highest factor loading was observed for peer interaction and collaborative learning.... The findings suggest that effective educational practices must integrate diverse teaching methods and assessment strategies to accommodate various learning styles. Both F2F and online environments offer unique advantages that can be leveraged through a blended approach. The study underscores the importance of creating inclusive and supportive learning environments that prioritize student comfort and engagement, ultimately enhancing educational outcomes.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-58815-1